## Terms
### Work, Expression, Point in Time
A **Work** is the logical concept of an Act, By-law, Regulations, Notice, or other piece of legislation. A Work may change over time through amendments and may be issued in multiple languages. A Work may ultimately be repealed.
An **Expression** is a particular version of a Work, in a specific language and at a particular Point in Time. A Work may have many expressions associated with it. Expressions are also referred to as **Documents** on the platform.
A **Point in Time** is all the Expressions of a Work on a particular date. There is usually only one Expression at a particular date, unless the Work is available in multiple languages. Often, a Point in Time is synonymous with an Expression. Each Point in Time will have all the previous amendments applied to it, and the oldest (or first) point in time will be the work as originally published. Points in Time generally have an event associated with them, most commonly publication or amendment.
### Primary vs Subsidiary legislation
**Primary legislation** includes Acts and By-laws. They lay down the rights and obligations of government and citizens and usually focus on a certain subject area. \
Example: the Nursing Act.
**Subsidiary legislation** includes Regulations, Statutory Instruments and Orders and are made in terms of a Primary work. They often deal with the practical application of the rights and obligations laid down in a Primary work. \
Example: the Nursing Regulations (in terms of the Nursing Act).
### Principal vs Stub legislation
**Principal legislation** includes Acts and Subsidiary Legislation. They lay down the rights and obligations of government and citizens and usually focus on a certain subject area. \
Example: the Nursing Act.
**Stub legislation** includes Acts and Subsidiary Legislation. It refers to legislation that fills in or details parts of the core law. In most cases, it takes the form of: amendment legislation, a repealing legislation and a commencement legislation.
Examples: the Nursing Amendment Act, the Nursing (Repeal) Act, the Nursing Act: Commencement
### Principal, Commencing, Amending, and Repealing works
A **Principal work** can be a new Act, a new By-law, or a new set of Regulations.
A **Commencing work** is normally a Notice that provides the Commencement date for a Principal work. (Many Principal works commence on publication or specify their own Commencement date.)
An **Amending work** is a Work that makes changes to a Principal work. Amending works are published when government needs to update or change an existing piece of legislation.
**Amendments** are the changes that are applied to a Work by an Amending work. They are instructions of substitutions, insertions, and deletions that must be made to the text of the Principal work being amended.
When a Work is **Repealed**, it is no longer in force. This is done by a **Repealing work**, and the Repeal date of the Principal work is the same as the Commencement date of the Repealing work. Repealing works are published when government needs to remove or replace an existing piece of legislation.
**NB: In instances that a legislation mentions that it repeals a work with an exception of one or few provisions, such scenario results in an amendment rather than a repeal.**
### Assent, Publication, Commencement and Repeal dates
**Assent**: The date on which the Work is approved or signed by the relevant authority.
**Publication**: Usually the date of publication of the **Gazette** in which the Work is published. It is necessary to distinguish between Gazette publications and gazette supplements.
* **Gazette Publication:** A Gazette publication (or simply, “**Gazette**”) is the official periodical publication issued by the government. It serves as the formal medium through which the government communicates official notices, announcements, and legal information to the public. They are published regularly, such as weekly or bi-weekly, depending on the jusrisdiction. Gazettes typically include a wide range of official notices, such as: new legislation and regulations, appointments to public office, and public notices, such as land acquisitions or changes to boundaries.
* **Gazette Suplement:** A Gazette Supplement is an additional section or special edition of the Gazette that contains specific types of legal documents or detailed information related to legislation, typically requiring more space than standard notices. Supplements are published as needed, typically when new laws or major regulatory changes are enacted, and they accompany the main Gazette issues.
**Commencement**: The date on which a work comes into force. If nothing is specified, it is often the publication date; to double-check, read the Interpretation Act of the country in which you’re working. Amendments to Principal works come into force on the Commencement date of the Amending work. The Repeal of a Work comes into force on the Commencement date of the Repealing work.
**Repeal**: The date from which a Work is no longer in force.
## Abbreviations
| Abbreviation | Meaning |
| ------------ | -------------------- |
| GenN | General Notice |
| GG | Government Gazette |
| GN | Government Notice |
| LAN | Local Area Notice |
| LN | Legal Notice |
| Proc | Proclamation |
| PG | Provincial Gazette |
| PN | Provincial Notice |
| SI | Statutory Instrument |
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